Fall is a fantastic time to plant trees and shrubs in your garden! The cooler temperatures and increased rainfall create ideal conditions for new plants to establish strong root systems before winter. Plus, planting in the fall gives your trees and shrubs a head start, allowing them to focus on growing upwards in the spring rather than struggling to establish roots in the heat of summer. If you’ve ever felt overwhelmed by the idea of planting in spring, you’ll love the ease and benefits of a fall planting schedule.
But not all trees and shrubs are created equal when it comes to fall planting. Some thrive in these conditions, while others might need a little more attention. The key is to know which plants will benefit most from the cooler weather and how to give them the best start possible. I’ve got a few tips and insights to help you choose the right plants, understand their native habitats, and ensure they’re not invasive in your area. Let’s dig in!
Choosing the Right Trees and Shrubs
One of the best parts about planting in the fall is that you have so many wonderful options to choose from! Deciduous trees like oaks, maples, and dogwoods are excellent choices for fall planting. They’re native to various parts of North America, and they adapt well to cooler temperatures and moist soil, which helps them establish a strong root system before the ground freezes. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the winter, so they won’t have to support heavy foliage while they’re focusing on root growth.
For shrubs, consider varieties like hydrangeas, viburnums, and spireas. These shrubs are generally hardy, and many are native to North America or Asia, thriving in a range of soil conditions. They add structure and texture to your garden, and many varieties offer beautiful blooms in the spring and summer. Plus, shrubs like viburnums provide food and shelter for birds and other wildlife, which is always a wonderful bonus! Just make sure to avoid any invasive species that could overrun your garden or harm local ecosystems.
Preparing Your Planting Site
Before you start digging, it’s important to prepare your planting site properly. The soil should be well-drained but retain some moisture, which is crucial for young trees and shrubs. Loosen the soil around the planting area to allow roots to penetrate more easily and add organic matter like compost to enrich the soil with nutrients. It’s such a bummer to plant something and see it struggle due to compacted or poor soil—I’ve been there, and a little prep work goes a long way!
Also, consider the sunlight needs of your new plants. Most trees and shrubs have specific light requirements, so choose a site that matches their needs. If you’re planting a shade-loving shrub like a rhododendron, look for a spot that receives dappled light or is sheltered from the harsh afternoon sun. Conversely, sun-loving plants like coneflowers or lilacs will need a spot with full sun to thrive. Paying attention to these details will help ensure your plants grow strong and healthy!
Planting Techniques for Success
When it comes to planting, digging the right-sized hole is crucial! Aim for a hole that is two to three times wider than the root ball of the tree or shrub, but only as deep as the root ball itself. This allows the roots to spread out and establish more easily. Position the tree or shrub in the hole, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with or slightly above the surrounding soil. I can’t stress enough how important it is not to plant too deep—buried trunks can lead to rot and a host of other issues!
After positioning your plant, backfill the hole with the native soil you removed, gently firming it down to eliminate air pockets. Water thoroughly to help the soil settle around the roots and provide the moisture they need to start growing. Mulching around the base of the plant will help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and protect the roots as they adjust to their new home. A thick layer of mulch—about 2 to 4 inches—can make all the difference in keeping your plants happy and hydrated.
Watering and Mulching
Watering is critical when you first plant your trees and shrubs in the fall. Even though the temperatures are cooler, plants still need consistent moisture to establish their roots before the ground freezes. Water deeply and thoroughly after planting, and continue to water regularly—usually about once a week—until the ground freezes. This helps ensure the roots are getting enough water to grow strong and deep. I know it can feel counterintuitive to water in cooler weather, but trust me, it’s essential!
Mulching is another important step that helps retain moisture and insulate the soil, protecting the roots from temperature fluctuations. Use organic mulch like shredded bark, wood chips, or leaf mold, and spread it around the base of your plant. Just be careful not to pile mulch against the trunk or stem—it can cause rot and attract pests. A well-mulched plant is a happy plant, and you’ll notice the difference in how well it adapts to its new environment!
Protecting New Plants from Cold
While fall is an excellent time for planting, you still need to be mindful of the upcoming winter cold. New plants are particularly vulnerable to frost, so consider using protective measures like burlap wraps or frost blankets if you live in a colder climate. Wrapping plants in burlap can shield them from harsh winds and ice, while frost blankets provide an extra layer of warmth during unexpected cold snaps. I’ve used both methods and found them incredibly helpful in preventing winter damage!
For smaller shrubs, you can create a simple windbreak using stakes and burlap, which helps keep cold winds from drying out or damaging the foliage. Don’t forget to water your new trees and shrubs well before the ground freezes—moist soil holds warmth better than dry soil, providing additional protection against freezing temperatures. It’s always a bit nerve-wracking waiting for spring to see if your plants made it through, but these steps can really boost their chances of thriving.
Choosing Native and Non-Invasive Species
One of the best things you can do for your fall garden is to choose native and non-invasive species for planting. Native plants are adapted to your local climate, soil, and ecosystem, which means they’re more likely to thrive with less maintenance. For example, in the Midwest, oak trees (Quercus spp.) are an excellent choice as they provide food and shelter for numerous species of birds and insects. They’re part of the local landscape, so they fit right in!
On the other hand, be mindful of avoiding invasive species that can spread aggressively and outcompete native plants. Some ornamental plants, like certain varieties of privet or Japanese barberry, have become problematic in many areas because they escape cultivation and disrupt local habitats. It’s so frustrating when a plant you thought would be a nice addition ends up becoming a garden bully! Always check local guidelines or consult with a native plant society to ensure you’re making choices that benefit your garden and community.
Benefits of Fall Planting
Fall planting offers numerous benefits beyond just cooler temperatures and fewer pests. By planting in the fall, you give your trees and shrubs a head start to establish roots before the heat of summer arrives. The soil is still warm enough to encourage root growth, but the cooler air temperatures reduce the stress on the plants. It’s such a great feeling to know that by spring, your new plants are already well-established and ready to burst into growth!
Moreover, fall planting allows you to take advantage of end-of-season sales at local nurseries, where you can often find great deals on trees and shrubs. Who doesn’t love a bargain? This can make a big difference if you’re looking to fill a large space or add multiple plants to your landscape. With less competition for resources, your plants will have a much better chance to thrive, making fall an ideal time to invest in your garden’s future.
Planting trees and shrubs in the fall is a rewarding way to enhance your garden’s beauty and ecological value. By choosing the right plants, preparing your site properly, and taking steps to protect your new additions from winter’s chill, you’re setting them up for success. So grab your spade, put on your gardening gloves, and enjoy the many benefits of fall planting.
