Mullein: Growing, Care, & Uses

Mullein, scientifically known as Verbascum spp., is a versatile and fascinating plant that has been utilized for centuries for its medicinal properties and ornamental beauty. With its towering stature, vibrant yellow flowers, and unique fuzzy leaves, mullein is a plant that captures both the eye and the imagination.

In this article, we’ll take a deep dive on the various uses and benefits of mullein, exploring its rich history, medicinal applications, and tips for growing and cultivating this remarkable herb.

What is Mullein?

When it comes to unique and fascinating plants, Mullein (Verbascum spp.) is definitely worth mentioning. Also known as velvet plant or candlestick plant, Mullein is a herbaceous perennial that belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. This plant is not only visually captivating but also possesses numerous medicinal properties.

Mullein plants are known for their tall stature, typically reaching heights of 2 to 8 feet (0.6 to 2.4 meters). The leaves of Mullein are large, soft, and velvety, giving the plant its popular nickname, velvet plant. The leaves are arranged in a rosette pattern at the base of the plant, with smaller leaves growing up the stem. The flowers of Mullein are striking and are arranged in dense spikes, resembling candles, hence the name candlestick plant. The flower spikes can vary in color, ranging from yellow to white, and sometimes even pink or purple, depending on the species.

Mullein plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but due to their adaptability, they have been introduced to various regions around the world. These plants thrive in dry, open areas such as meadows, fields, and roadsides. They are known to prefer full sun exposure and well-drained soil, making them a common sight in gardens and natural landscapes.

One of the most intriguing aspects of Mullein is its medicinal properties. Throughout history, Mullein has been used in various cultures as a herbal remedy for respiratory ailments. The leaves and flowers of the plant are harvested and used to make teas, tinctures, and oils. Mullein is believed to have expectorant and soothing properties, making it useful for treating conditions such as coughs, bronchitis, and asthma. Additionally, it is often used topically to alleviate skin irritations and inflammation.

Apart from its medicinal uses, Mullein holds cultural significance in different communities. In folklore, Mullein was associated with protection and warding off evil spirits. The dried stalks of Mullein were used as torches, and the tall spikes of flowers were believed to act as beacons, guiding travelers safely through the night. Mullein also has a long history of use in traditional herbal medicine, with records dating back to ancient Greece and Rome.

Where is Mullein native?

Mullein is native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. It is believed to have originated in the Mediterranean region and later spread to other parts of the world through natural dispersal and human migration. The plant’s adaptability allowed it to thrive in different environments, making it a common sight in various regions.

Mullein was introduced to North America by European settlers and has since naturalized in many areas throughout the United States. It is now found in almost every state, including Alaska and Hawaii. However, it is important to note that the distribution of Mullein within the US can vary, with some states having more abundant populations than others.

While Mullein can be found in most US states, certain regions have more favorable conditions for its growth, resulting in larger populations. Some states where Mullein is particularly common include:

1. California: Mullein can be found throughout California, from the coastal regions to the Sierra Nevada mountains. Its tall, yellow flower spikes make it a distinctive and easily recognizable plant.
2. Texas: Mullein is prevalent in the southern regions of Texas, thriving in the state’s arid and semi-arid climates. It is often found in open fields, meadows, and along roadsides.
3. Colorado: Mullein is well-established in Colorado, especially in the western and central parts of the state. Its presence in the Rocky Mountains adds to the beauty of the landscape.
4. New York: Mullein is widespread in New York, with populations found in both rural and urban areas. It can often be seen growing along roadsides, in fields, and even in abandoned lots.

How to start from seed

Starting from seed is a rewarding and cost-effective way to grow this perennial plant. This will guide you through the step-by-step process of starting Mullein from seed, so you can enjoy the vibrant blooms and unique foliage of this stunning plant in your own garden.

1. Choosing the Right Seeds:
   To start Mullein from seed, it is essential to select high-quality seeds. Look for reputable seed suppliers or nurseries that offer a wide variety of Mullein species. Consider factors such as the desired height, flower color, and growth habits when choosing your seeds. Remember that different varieties of Mullein may have different requirements, so it’s essential to read the seed packet or do some research to ensure you are selecting the right seeds for your garden.
2. Preparing the Soil:
   Mullein prefers well-draining soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Before sowing the seeds, prepare the soil by removing any weeds, rocks, or debris. Loosen the soil to a depth of about 6 inches and mix in some organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to improve fertility and drainage.
3. Sowing the Seeds:
   Mullein seeds are small and require light to germinate, so they should be sown on the soil surface rather than buried. Scatter the seeds evenly over the prepared soil, ensuring that they are not too close together. Depending on the species, Mullein seeds may take anywhere from 7 to 21 days to germinate. Lightly press the seeds into the soil to ensure good seed-to-soil contact, but avoid covering them completely.
4. Providing the Ideal Growing Conditions:
   The seeds require consistent moisture to germinate successfully. Water the seeds gently using a fine mist or a watering can with a rose attachment. Avoid overwatering, as excessive moisture can lead to damping off or root rot. Place a clear plastic cover or a plastic bag over the seeded area to create a greenhouse effect and retain moisture. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
5. Transplanting the Seedlings:
   Once the seedlings have developed true leaves and are large enough to handle, usually after 4-6 weeks, they can be transplanted into individual pots or the garden. Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil and enough space for the mature plant to grow. Harden off the seedlings by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over a period of 7-10 days before transplanting.
6. Caring for the Seedlings:
   Seedlings require regular watering, especially during dry spells. Water deeply, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Mulch around the seedlings to retain moisture and suppress weed growth. Fertilize with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Stake taller varieties to provide support against wind and heavy rain.

How to grow this plant in your garden

Mullein is a hardy plant that thrives in full sun, so it is essential to choose a location in your garden that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Additionally, Mullein prefers well-drained soil, so it is advisable to pick a spot that is not prone to waterlogging. If your soil tends to be heavy and clay-like, consider adding organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to improve drainage.

Sowing Mullein Seeds:
Mullein can be grown from seeds, which can be obtained from reputable nurseries or collected from mature plants. Sow the seeds in early spring, as they require cold stratification for successful germination. Start by preparing a seed tray or small pots filled with well-draining potting soil. Sprinkle the seeds evenly on the soil surface, then lightly press them down. Cover the tray or pots with a thin layer of soil and water gently.

Nurturing and Care:
Once the Mullein seeds have been sown, ensure that the soil remains moist but not waterlogged. It is crucial to maintain a consistent level of moisture during the germination process, which usually takes around two to three weeks. Once the seedlings have emerged, thin them out to allow proper airflow and prevent overcrowding. Mullein plants can grow quite tall, so it is advisable to provide support, such as stakes or trellises, for the stalks to prevent them from bending or breaking.

Watering and Fertilizing:
While Mullein is drought-tolerant once established, it is essential to provide regular watering during dry spells, especially in the early stages of growth. Water the plants deeply, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. Mullein generally does not require frequent fertilization. However, incorporating well-rotted compost or a balanced organic fertilizer during the spring can help promote healthy growth and abundant flowering.

Pest and Disease Management:
Mullein is generally resistant to most pests and diseases. However, it can occasionally be susceptible to aphids or powdery mildew. Regularly inspect your plants for any signs of infestation or disease, and take appropriate measures, such as using organic insecticidal soap or neem oil, to control the problem. Additionally, providing adequate spacing between plants and ensuring good airflow can help prevent the development of fungal diseases.

Uses

Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) is a versatile plant that has been used for various purposes throughout history. Here are some common uses for mullein:

1. Medicinal Uses: Mullein has a long history of medicinal use. Its leaves and flowers are often used to make herbal remedies, teas, tinctures, or oils. Mullein is known for its expectorant properties and is commonly used to relieve respiratory issues such as coughs, congestion, and bronchitis. It may also have soothing effects on the throat and help with inflammation and earaches.
2. Respiratory Support: Mullein is often used as a natural remedy for asthma, colds, and other respiratory conditions. It is believed to help clear mucus, reduce inflammation, and provide relief from coughing and wheezing.
3. Ear Infections: Mullein oil, made by infusing mullein flowers in a carrier oil, is commonly used to address earaches and ear infections. It is believed to have antimicrobial properties and can be used as ear drops to alleviate pain and inflammation.
4. Skin Care: Mullein leaves and flowers contain mucilage, a gel-like substance that can help soothe and soften the skin. Mullein-infused oils or salves are used topically to relieve skin conditions like rashes, burns, eczema, and dryness.
5. Herbal Smoking: The dried leaves of mullein have been historically used as a base for herbal smoking blends. Some people mix mullein with other herbs, such as Damiana or lavender, for a smoother smoking experience.
6. Dyeing: Mullein flowers can be used to produce yellow dye for fabrics and fibers. They can be simmered or steeped in water to extract the color, which can then be used for dyeing purposes.

It’s important to note that while mullein has a long history of traditional use, it’s always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using it for medicinal purposes. They can provide guidance and ensure its appropriate use based on your specific circumstances.

How to harvest Mullein

To harvest mullein (Verbascum thapsus), follow these steps:

1. Identify the Plant: Familiarize yourself with the appearance of mullein plants. It has a biennial growth cycle, with the first year producing a rosette of large, fuzzy leaves close to the ground, and the second year sending up a tall flower stalk with smaller leaves.
2. Timing: The ideal time to harvest mullein is during its second-year flowering stage. This is typically in late spring to early summer, depending on your location. Look for plants with well-developed flower spikes.
3. Choose a Healthy Plant: Select a healthy plant that is free from diseases, pests, and signs of damage. The leaves should be vibrant and the flower spike should be upright.
4. Harvesting Leaves: If you’re interested in harvesting the leaves, use gardening shears or scissors to cut the larger leaves from the basal rosette. Choose mature leaves that are free from browning or yellowing. It’s best to leave a few leaves on the plant to support its growth.
5. Harvesting Flowers: If you’re interested in harvesting the flowers, wait for the flower spike to fully develop but not yet open completely. Cut the flower spike near its base using gardening shears or scissors. You can harvest the entire spike or individual flowers, depending on your needs.
6. Drying: After harvesting, gently shake off any excess dirt or insects from the leaves or flowers. Place them in a well-ventilated area out of direct sunlight to dry. You can hang them upside down in bundles or spread them on a drying rack. Ensure proper air circulation to prevent mold or moisture buildup.
7. Storage: Once dried, store the mullein leaves or flowers in airtight containers, away from light and moisture. Label the containers with the harvest date to keep track of their freshness.

Remember to always practice sustainable harvesting and only take what you need, allowing the plant to continue thriving in its environment. If you’re uncertain about plant identification or any potential risks, it’s advisable to consult a local expert or herbalist for guidance.

What does Mullein taste like?

Mullein tea has a mild and slightly sweet taste. The flavor is often described as delicate and earthy, with some herbal undertones. The taste can vary slightly depending on the part of the mullein plant used and the specific growing conditions.

When brewed, the tea is generally well-tolerated and doesn’t have an overpowering or bitter taste like some other herbal teas. Many people find it to be a pleasant and soothing beverage. Some individuals may choose to add honey, lemon, or other herbal teas to enhance the flavor or customize it to their liking.

Overall, the taste of mullein tea is often considered mild and enjoyable, making it a popular choice for those seeking a soothing herbal infusion.

Making tea

Mullein tea is often recognized for its potential health benefits and has been traditionally used for various purposes. To make Mullein tea, follow these steps:

1. Gather Ingredients: You will need dried mullein leaves or flowers and water. You can either purchase dried mullein from herbal stores or harvest and dry the leaves and flowers yourself.
2. Measure the Ingredients: For a standard cup of tea, use 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried mullein leaves or flowers per 1 cup (8 ounces) of water. Adjust the amount based on your taste preferences and desired strength.
3. Boil the Water: Bring the desired amount of water to a boil in a pot or kettle.
4. Add Mullein: Once the water reaches a rolling boil, remove it from the heat and add the dried mullein leaves or flowers to the hot water.
5. Steep the Tea: Cover the pot or cup with a lid or plate and let the mullein steep in the hot water for about 10 to 15 minutes. Steeping time can be adjusted based on your preference for a stronger or milder flavor.
6. Strain the Tea: After steeping, use a fine mesh strainer or tea infuser to strain out the mullein leaves or flowers from the tea. This will help remove any plant material and ensure a smoother texture.
7. Serve and Enjoy: Pour the mullein tea into a cup and drink it while it’s warm. You can sweeten the tea with honey, if desired, or add a squeeze of lemon for additional flavor.

Mullein tea is commonly enjoyed for its potential respiratory benefits and soothing properties. However, it’s important to note that individual responses to herbal remedies can vary, and it’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional or herbalist before incorporating mullein tea into your routine, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medications.

Interesting facts about Mullein

Mullein is a fascinating plant that has been used for centuries due to its various medicinal properties. These interesting facts about Mullein, shed light on its history, uses, and unique characteristics.

1. Historical Significance: This herb has a rich historical background, with evidence of its usage dating back to ancient civilizations. It has been used by the Greeks, Romans, and Native Americans for its medicinal properties. The plant’s leaves and flowers were often brewed into teas, smoked, or turned into oils to treat various ailments.
2. Appearance and Growth: It’s a biennial plant that can reach impressive heights, often towering over six feet. Its leaves are large, soft, and velvety, which gives the plant a unique texture. The flowers are typically yellow and grow in tall spikes, attracting bees and other pollinators.
3. Medicinal Uses: One of the most notable qualities of Mullein is its medicinal uses. The leaves and flowers contain compounds that possess anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and soothing properties. Mullein is commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as coughs, bronchitis, and asthma. It can also be used as a topical treatment for skin irritations, wounds, and burns.
4. Natural Dye: In addition to its medicinal properties, Mullein has been used as a natural dye for centuries. The flowers produce a vibrant yellow dye that can be extracted and used to color fabrics, yarns, and even paper. This natural dyeing process is often preferred by those seeking eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes.
5. Wildlife Habitat: This plant serves as an important habitat for various wildlife species. The tall stalks and dense leaves provide shelter for insects, birds, and small mammals. Additionally, the plant’s flowers attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, contributing to the overall biodiversity of an area.
6. Folklore and Symbolism: Throughout history, Mullein has been associated with various folklore and symbolism. In some cultures, it was believed that this plant could ward off evil spirits when planted near doorways or windows. The plant was also thought to have protective qualities and was placed in homes to bring good luck and ward off negative energies.

With its rich history, versatile uses, and unique characteristics, is a plant that continues to captivate and intrigue. From its medicinal properties to its role in wildlife conservation, Mullein has proven to be much more than just a beautiful flower. Whether you’re interested in its historical significance or considering its potential health benefits, Mullein is undoubtedly a plant worth exploring further.